How long should an abstract be?
Most journal abstracts are capped at 150–300 words; conference abstracts usually allow 250–500.
Typical abstract limits
Unlike introductions, abstract lengths are usually hard limits set by the journal or conference — submission systems enforce them to the word. APA recommends 150–250 words; most science journals sit between 150 and 300; humanities journals run slightly longer.
The abstract must stand alone: readers (and reviewers) decide from it whether to read further, and databases index it. Every sentence should map to a section of the paper — problem, method, findings, significance.
Cutting an abstract down
Over the limit? Cut in this order: citations (abstracts rarely need them), methodological detail beyond one sentence, hedged qualifiers, and background beyond the first sentence. Keep every number that states a finding — results are what abstract readers scan for.
Abstract word limits by venue
| APA style | 150–250 words |
| Science / medical journals | 150–300 words (often structured) |
| Humanities journals | 200–350 words |
| Conference submissions | 250–500 words |
| Master's thesis | 150–350 words |
| PhD dissertation | 350 words (typical cap) |
Is the abstract included in the paper's word count?
Usually not — journals count the abstract separately from the manuscript body, which is why it has its own limit. Check the submission guidelines; a few venues do count it.
What is a structured abstract?
An abstract with labeled sections — typically Background, Methods, Results, Conclusions — required by many medical and science journals. The same word limit applies; the headings just enforce coverage.